Would love to know the source if you have it.
> The first occurred about 2.2 billion years ago, when an archaea swallowed a bacterium that became the mitochondria.
> The second time happened about 1.6 billion years ago, when some of these more advanced cells absorbed cyanobacteria that could harvest energy from sunlight.
> And now, scientists have discovered that it’s happening again. A species of algae called Braarudosphaera bigelowii was found to have engulfed a cyanobacterium that lets them do something that algae, and plants in general, can’t normally do – "fixing" nitrogen straight from the air, and combining it with other elements to create more useful compounds.
So, tremendously rare, at least to our knowledge at this time, but not a one-off.
Here's a thought, also; maybe once this has happened, it tends to crowd out needing to happen again.