you could argue the same about dark matter/energy.
> It cannot be tested or falsified by current or near-future experiments.
Did we actually directly observe dark matter or dark energy now?
Well, not really. The physical justification is, the multitude of observations that appear consistent with the theory that there is some form of matter out in space that does not interact with photons. It's not something someone just had a dream about one night - it's a real-world observation, with telescopes.
If, tomorrow, a laboratory discovers a new or existing particle that is able to actually, or even just apparently, avoid interacting with photons and matter, then dark matter could be done and proven.
By contrast, most dark matter competitors require us to rethink large swathes of what we know about physics and cosmology. That doesn't mean they're necessarily wrong, it just means the bar of skepticism is a bit higher.
This is it. Everything points towards it being some kind of invisible matter. Scientists know that the very idea is preposterous!
But you can't make up some 'cleaner' hypothesis without also holding that idea up to the same standards as Cold Dark Matter, and to date they have tended not to.
Claiming physics isn't uniform throughout the universe is more problematic than positing the existence of dark matter/dark energy. Lacking any evidence for either position, the principle of Occam's Razor informs us to stick with dark matter/dark energy.
One of the purposes of exercises such as this is to get people thinking of new ways to falsify existing models. So far, dark matter/dark energy are in remarkable alignment with observations. Falsifying either of these ideas would be huge.
They didn't say it existed.
They just said the existence of Dark Matter seems to be more likely than non-uniformity of physics throughout the universe.
Dark matter is a label for "whatever it is that causes the extra gravitation observed across multiple scales in the universe without also causing other indications of matter interaction like photon emission."
These are easy-to-hold handles for the collection of observations for phenomena we know to exist. We don't know the cause, but we know these things are occurring in the universe because we have demonstrated their existence through repeated observation.
Saying the laws of physics may be different in different parts of the universe is a statement that so far can't be substantiated, and we've been trying for over a hundred years now, is far more problematic. That's a dire option that we don't desire to pursue unless we're absolutely forced to - and we're not being forced to.
Between the two options we're going to stick with dark matter/dark energy until evidence suggests otherwise, or until a better, and simpler, idea comes along.
Nothing from the observable universe, just bundling all the mathematical loose ends together and stashing them under the rug.
So to my point, we are not "seeing" dark matter anywhere at all... What we have is a failure mode in our current models to explain the phenomena we see. And to fix it they plug in magic invisible heavy stuff. Literately a chunk of math to balance equations in the rotations of galaxies.
Yes, cold dark matter is something conjectured to explain what we see, because we see these irregularities and we need something to explain what is causing them. If we weren't seeing those irregularities we wouldn't need it.
>> What we have is a failure mode in our current models to explain the phenomena we see.
The thing is, you don't know that, and that concept has already been thought about many times over.
What is surprising about CDM in particular is that it is ridiculous and yet it survives observation and theory better than every other hypothesis to date. It is more intuitive that the mathematical equations are wrong, or they've measured something (like the age of the universe) wrong, or there's some kind of effect that hasn't been accounted for. Yet after testing all that, CDM fails to be thoroughly disproved. The vast majority of evidence points to it being a real thing. If it looks like a duck and it quacks like a duck...
I don't think it's appreciated enough that astrophysicts do know that this is weird. That's why it's so interesting.
However, you need to come up with a competing theory that actually holds up to rigor. It's no good saying "it must be this" without any supporting evidence to support it. It's simply a guess, sci-fi, not science.
Yes, it's entirely possible that it will be explained by some part of physics we currently have no knowledge of. Some addition to the standard model, perhaps, or some miniscule effect that falls out of quantum gravity, whatever that may be. But those things aren't even a hypothesis at this point, just pure speculation without justification.
> The CCC+TL model predicts the age of the Universe as 26.7 Gyr against the generally accepted value of 13.8 Gyr. This is of deep concern and needs the model validation against multiple observations, including BAOs, CMB, Big Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN), and globular cluster ages. Our focus here is on BAOs.
I am not in academia and therefore am not qualified to have strong opinions on any of this, but I do like the idea of papers not swinging for home runs all the time by explaining everything, and instead being happy with hitting a single by proposing something intriguing and asking for others to chime in.
That's not true though. It says in its abstract that it can fit the Type Ia supernovae Pantheon+ data as accurately as the ΛCDM model, and also fit the angular size of cosmic dawn galaxies observed by the JWST. It is the data produced by the JWST that has led to this model.
The article goes on to say:
> The galaxies observed in the early Universe, some less than 500 million years after the Big Bang, appear to have shapes, structures, and masses similar to those in existence for billions of years
It was only nine days ago, and here’s the next one. Yet, we have several fields that are only indirectly coupled to EM — neutrinos come to mind - and if you graph the fundamental fields you get a rather sparse graph.
It should be a surprise to no-one that there are disconnected segments.
[ ] It cannot explain galaxy rotation curves across all galaxy types.
[ ] It fails to account for gravitational lensing observed in galaxy clusters.
[ ] It cannot explain the Bullet Cluster observations where dark matter appears separated from normal matter.
[ ] It is inconsistent with the cosmic microwave background anisotropies.
[ ] It cannot explain the large-scale structure and formation of the universe.
[ ] It introduces arbitrary parameters without physical justification.
[ ] It lacks a sound theoretical foundation or violates established physics principles.
[ ] It fails to explain the observed velocity dispersions in dwarf spheroidal galaxies.
[ ] It cannot account for empirical relations like the Tully-Fisher relation.
[ ] It cannot be tested or falsified by current or near-future experiments.
[ ] Your claims are unfounded or exaggerated.
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I’m not a physicist, and cannot fill this in, but I thought I’d provide the template for the first physicist who turns up.