As for a single problem, I'm fond of PE589, "Poohsticks Marathon". That was my 501st solution, two years after first attempting it (solved 5 years ago, yikes). I like it because it's a problem with a 95% difficulty rating, so very tough, but the development team slotted it in as an easy problem (problems normally get scheduled in batches of 6 with a cadence of medium/easy/medium/easy/medium/hard). Once I solved it, I agreed that it was relatively easy, in that it uses techniques introduced by early PE problems, but something about it makes using those techniques unexpectedly difficult.
I also have some stand-alone modules, one to solve generalized Pell equations, another to find a polynomial given a sequence via the differences (e.g. 2, 5, 10, 17, first differences 3, 5, 7, second 2, 2 is enough to find n^2+1). There's another to find the closed form for a sequence as a linear recurrence.
Some solvers have much more extensive libraries, but I tend to grab bits of code from old solutions to reuse on the fly.