That's almost exactly what my credit union did. After I filled out the paperwork, they sent me out the door with some walking-around money (the thief had emptied my checking account), and the rest was returned within a couple days. I did nothing further; a fraud investigator called me up a couple of months later to ask a few questions, but by that point they already knew who the culprit was.

For this and many other reasons, I will never use a commercial bank again, if I can possibly avoid it.