For example Java often prefers long explicitly verbose names for class, fields, methods, variables.
Another approach is to use short names as much as possible. `mkdir` instead of `create_directory`, `i` instead of `person_index` and so on.
I think that max line length greatly depends on the chosen identifier naming style. So it makes sense to use 100 or 120 for Java and it makes sense to use 72 for Golang.
C code often use short naming style, so 72 or 80 should be fine.
For mkdir all-in, meh. It’s okay for mkdirp or rimraf, cause these basically became new words. But once you add more libs or code to a project it becomes a cryptic mess of six-letter nonsense. English code reads best, Java just overdoes it by adding patterns into the mix.
Local variables sure, be short and terse. But that's common in most languages.