This is a good list, but it would be great if it were expanded upon with examples in eli5 format

The article does in fact give an explanation for each item. (Perhaps you may not think it's eli5. I found them mostly fairly explanatory[1], but... maybe they're more eli20? And maybe fairly short and terse?)

[1] Except double-entry bookkeeping, which didn't explain anything. And the AD-AS model, which probably is not possible to explain in a concise way or an eli5 way. And...

Good one. “accountant’s view of the world” should just say, how much money you made. In other words, “everybody’s question”.

People really love lists

that doesn't seem to be anywhere in this list

Someone needs to get all these list e.g. https://github.com/lukasz-madon/awesome-concepts and try to distill it. LLMs to the rescue.