So, fair use is seen as a balance, and generally the balance is thought of as being codified under four factors:

https://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html#107

(1) the purpose and character of the use, including whether such use is of a commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational purposes;

(2) the nature of the copyrighted work;

(3) the amount and substantiality of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole; and

(4) the effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work.

There's more detailed discussion here: https://copyright.columbia.edu/basics/fair-use.html