When things go wrong, the benefits of aggressive termination are clear. But when things don't go wrong (vast majority of time), the alternative's benefits are not so clear — employees have more time to hand-off their work, document things that are in their head, better good-will towards the company and its management, etc.
So, because one approach has a clear, measurable benefit (avoid some disasters), and the other approach has un-clear hard-to-measure ones, people sometimes dismiss the hard-to-measure side as unimportant. That's the fallacy.
In many, many other countries, letting someone go is a long process that involves a lot of time for both parties to shore things up and be prepared to move on without incident.
That means if you want to leave, you write a resignation letter and you have time to hand over like you said.
However the employer might also walk you out of the building and continue to pay you for two weeks. I've seen this happen here. In some companies it depends on the job you're resigning from.
I happen to know my position at my company has the former sort of relaxed notice period, but other positions have the latter sort of strict notice period. It's very strange.