For example in Stockholm you get around 6h of daylight. Malmö (can’t really get further south than that) a bit over 7h.
Basically the northern most point of mainland US is a lot further south than the most southern place in Sweden. Thinking about how good solar panels are in the winter in Anchorage gives you some idea (which has slightly slightly shorter days then Stockholm at around 5h30min at their shortest)
I don’t know the numbers for southern Sweden but for Stockholm level you get maybe 5% to 10% of the production you get in the summer.
Here in Finland we have it even worse but I know where to find the numbers.
https://www.fingrid.fi/en/electricity-market-information/sol...
Basically if we are lucky we hit 5% of a typical summer summer day for an hour maybe two. As the days are less then half as long you end up with ~1% the production vs summer.
But in reverse the panels are really good during the summer as the days are very long. This is why people bother installing solar here.