Here are some relevant notes and pictures of mine about that subject
https://text.nstr.no/~erik.nordstrom/game_boy_color_forever....
I bought two different devices for dumping ROM and save game data, and the one that worked best for me was the insideGadgets GBxCart RW.
I even thought about offering as a service that people could ship their GameBoy carts to me and I would dump the ROM and SAV files for them, and then I would ship their cart back to them and provide the dumped data along with a video showing the process of dumping the data.
There are also a lot of DYI devices using Arduino and other popular boards.
https://gameboy.github.io/wiki/cartreaders
I believe the same or similar devices can be used to write cartridges with ROM hacks if one is so inclined.
Edit: you edited your answer after I replied, so I'll edit mine too, it shouldn't be illegal to download the ROM if you physically own a copy. If you want to do it the hard way, buy a GB dumper.
Not a lawyer but I'm suspicious about that: first of all, I don't think downloading is actually illegal, it's either sharing stuff without license or keeping stuff without license that are generally illegal (which is why viewing movies from an illegal streaming website is legal in most places even though the website owner is clearly doing illegal stuff).
Then, if you have a license and the law in your jurisdiction allows personal backup, I think you'd have the right to actually store the thing, so I don't think you'd be breaking the law here.
People also say “No copyright infringement intended” while uploading full movies to YouTube. People, especially when it comes to matters of copyright, typically have very poor understandings of law...
Moon Channel (an actual lawyer) has a fairly clear and concise summary with particular relation to the Dolphin emulator’s attempt to get itself on Steam: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wROQUZDCIMI
You are in the clear if you download it from a ROM site (and own the corresponding cartridge). You are not in the clear if you use filesharing, unless you freeload.
You only have a license for playing it and not a license for copying it.
Would you mind expanding what you're thinking about here? (FWIW the ”license” concept doesn't really exists in French law)
> droit à la copie privée wouldn't apply to the site sending you the file.
Sure, the website would be illegal without doubt, but that's independent. Illegal streaming services are illegal as well, but watching them isn't for instance.
For a more similar example, there used to be a website that gave you the ability to “record TV programs in the cloud” (recording what's happening on TV is legal because is falls under the «copie privée» definition): the website was prosecuted and found guilty, but no customers were.
The person is timid about doing it, but everyone online was saying to just do it since everyone does and what is the worst that could happen. And then despite all of the very real crimes going on in the world, the police show up at this person's door.