UI framework? What about everything else such as file system, networking, audio, controller IO, threads, graphics API, etc?

Wine wraps those APIs.

No shit. That's my point. You said "games are usually not native". Which games?

Not sure what you mean by that. Never mind.

>Which games?

As I said the vast majority of games. For example Minecraft is not a native Windows application in any way. It just creates a window and then renders the entire contents of the window itself instead of using win32 to make an interface.

No, only a tiny minority of PC games run on the JVM. The vast majority are native and not running on any kind of VM. Even with the Unity engine the games are natively compiled.

If the vast majority of games were on the JVM, then the vast majority of games would run on Linux or Mac without Proton or Wine, wouldn't they?

That is not the case. Minecraft is probably the only major game that runs on the JVM.

I didn't intend to bring up the JVM. Minecraft Bedrock edition is written in C++ and renders the entire window contents and even has its own UI framework that it uses.

There's way more to it than GUI libraries. That is a native Windows application calling Windows APIs. You can't run that Windows executable on Linux without Wine/Proton.

Even a console application (no GUI) depends on operating system APIs.

>You can't run that Windows executable on Linux without Wine/Proton.

That's like saying you can't run Firefox without freetype. Requiring a dependency doesn't make you no longer native.

>Even a console application (no GUI) depends on operating system APIs.

But the same API can be handled by different operating systems or libraries.

> That's like saying you can't run Firefox without freetype. Requiring a dependency doesn't make you no longer native.

At this point you're just trolling.

Take notepad.exe and try to run it on Linux. It wont run because its Windows native. That's a native application. Same as 99% of games that aren't JVM based.

It creates the window and writes the window contents using Windows operating system APIs.