One accident comes to mind where a plane that was improperly repaired after a tailstrike crashed seven years later: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Air_Lines_Flight_123. However, if the repair would have been done according to spec, that probably wouldn't have happened. Of course, they shouldn't just "clear out all the mud and straw", after they can hopefully fly it to a maintenance facility it has to be thoroughly inspected and any damaged parts replaced, but it is definitely possible (if the takeoff goes reasonably well of course) to get it into a condition where it can fly without problems for the rest of its expected service life. Two more examples of accident aircraft that were subsequently repaired and flew for many more years: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gimli_Glider#Retirement, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Airlines_Flight_006#Afte....