A tax during annual registration based on axle weight to the fourth power times the number of miles driven since the last odometer reading.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_power_law

There are some horrible states without annual inspections, but they should be federally punished until they comply. If we could force every state to have a drinking age of 21, using access to highway funding, then there's no reason the same thing couldn't be done for vehicular taxation. It would increase state tax revenue anyway...