Windows has been able to do exactly this since Windows 7! It's called Wireless Hosted Network[0], and if you've ever seen the "Microsoft Virtual WiFi Miniport Adapter" (Windows 7) or "Microsoft Wi-Fi Direct Virtual Adapter" (Windows 10/11) in your list of network adapters (it may be hidden), it's there specifically to enable making a hotspot while being connected to a wireless network.

[0] https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/nativewifi/a...