Re:Cold restart whole system after total outage
by mjevans on Thursday July 20, 2023 @03:11PM
(#36805306)
Offhand, that's pretty much the plan for a black start.
Something about bringing up a designated plant and feeding the output over 'cranking' lines that other plants along the route can synchronize their output against. Then gradually adding load and source until the system is meta-stable again.
Re:Cold restart whole system after total outage
by jsmith45 on Thursday July 20, 2023 @04:38PM
(#36806415)
The problem is not so much the concept, as how tricky it would be to add the loads back in at just the right rate to not trip some or all the generation back off again. Sure once you have enough generation and load already online, adding the rest is relatively straightforward. Still need to be careful, but after a certain point it would look to utility operators much like the usual work restoring loads and sources after a large area blackout.
The trickiness seems worst close to the very beginning when even relatively small misestimation of a chunk of load being restored would have a proportionally bigger impact. Many loads are not completely predictable, so presumably they would need to favor bringing some of the more stable loads online early so that normal variation from the loads that can only be predicted well in aggregate won't vary enough to trip everything back offline.
How could one possibly balance the load with the plants coming online? If the generation and load is too mismatched, the generators can literally automatically trip off the grid, so generation and load must be carefully balanced as things get brought back up.
One would almost need to shed nearly all the loads from the black grid (Which may have happened anyway as the grid collapsed, but any loads not already shed by the collapse could prove interesting), and re-add some some gradually as plants come online, which still seems crazy difficult.
And inrush current demands from many loads as they are get reconnected must be pretty insane.