So if you join a general instance (like reddthat.com #selfplug) you can search in the communities and find any other community and subscribe to it.
browse.feddit.de is the current place that searches every fediverse instance, and indexes all the communities. So your can find any community, even if the instance has not federated yet
Which is both good and bad. Good because federation of course. But it also ends up fracturing the community. Say all the r/python people decide to move out from Reddit to Lemmy. They are probably going to go to different Lemmy instances each with their own c/python community. Yes you can follow any c/python from any instance but let's be honest, how many such c/python communities are you going to follow?
The reality is that discovery is terrible right now and you can't browse a feed of all Tech/Music/Art threads from all federated instances. Hopefully this is being worked on.
p.s. checking out beehaw I realise that lemmy can be run either as a reddit alternative (with lots of subreddits communities on different topics) or as a discourse type forum (with categories). thats good flexibility to have, but for easy discovery it needs to be managed somehow