The problem I have with all the "checks" that press foundations do is that none of them seem to know what they're talking about in regards to what tech is trustworthy and audited, and what is not.
I found a nice article about it, skimmed through it and seems to be true and reflect my own research that I did for my cyber defense network [1]
[1] https://vpnpro.com/blog/hidden-vpn-owners-unveiled-97-vpns-2...
I formerly worked in the consumer VPN space (an older, but once quite big player), and use cases go from content access (including everything from getting US Netflix from Germany, to sidestepping national firewalls), to general-purpose paranoia about IP logging by websites. There are also lots of cases that get marketed a bit too liberally by companies like Nord, Express, and the hydra that is Kape, like that VPNs can add meaningful security to submitting payment information online; this is despite the fact that it's harder than ever to MITM payment sites.
It's generally agreed that the state of public Wi-Fi combined with evolving web standards and sky-high HTTPS adoption makes VPNs largely, though definitely not completely obsolete for protecting yourself against someone sniffing traffic at Starbucks.
Having said all that: if you need a VPN and a lack of port-forwarding isn't a dealbreaker, I wholeheartedly recommend Mullvad. My former company never worked with them directly but our team had immense respect for their integrity, ethics, and approach to developing a quality product.
They shouldn't keep logs but even if they did there's no personal information metadata.
Just your personal IP, which is via your provider very tied to your person.
(In many places it can trivially linked to your real ID, if there is a court order)
Unless the use case is circumventing region barriers.
If you are just a file sharer or normal low level criminal I doubt the CIA (or whoever may have infiltrated Mullvad) would give anyone your IP.
1. https://www.svt.se/nyheter/lokalt/vast/husrannsakan-mot-vpn-...
Or NSO or some other private actor did so, and now every dictatorship has access to it, and we all know how broad their “terrorist” definition can be…
If you are a dissident in Iran, you really should not trust some random VPN. Tor is probably safe enough, but there is also no guarantee, that the chinese are not sharing with them, because as far as I know (but last time I checked has been some years), many nodes are china based. So they might know.
But if all you do is pirating some videos, then this is not something to worry about.
Just so everyone is clear on a few facts, it is possible for a TLA or agency from another large government to just try to blackbox the VPN nodes and be done with it without needing to infiltrate Mullvad. Just pressure the network provider of the VPN instances to get flow data, and at that point they can match up traffic going in and out and the VPN disappears from the picture.