Yeah, generally speaking unless it's a very large shard and cuts your esophagus, once it reaches your stomach, acids will knock the edges off and it'll pass without issue.

Gastric acid is basically hydrochloric acid, and rather less concentrated than the standard laboratory bench HCl, which stands peaceably for years in glass flasks. I would be wary of assuming that chemical attack will quickly blunt glass shards.

I really doubt stomach acid would do anything to glass. Strong acids are regularly stored in glass.

HCl will do nothing to glass. It's strong bases that will dissolve glass (a little), and your digestive system doesn't have any.

In some cases, probably rare ones, it can lead to perforation of the intestine

well the pieces are about 5mm. For sure it will cut mouth, throat or something else.

No, I think eating glass leads to internal bleeding and could be very bad for you.

I remember being really scared about it and then I vaguely remember some doctor saying most stuff will go through stomach just fine, and that included glass.

Memory is fuzzy and I'm definitely not a doctor, so please double check.

I'm assuming if you are eating glass, it's a small enough piece that you won't notice, it can be big, you'll notice in your mouth.