For a while, submissions to the iOS app store could include bitcode, which was LLVM's intermediate byte code. I don't know if they ever did, but Apple could generate architecture-optimized binaries for their various CPU models. They deprecated that last year, though.

.Net ahead-of-time compilation (that is, compiling the .net / clr VM byte code into something your CPU can run directly) could (but apparently doesn't?) do CPU-specific optimizations. The JIT compiler, however does do some CPU-specific optimizations.