I know little of how Java works, and especially how to override libs, but I did try downloading lwjgl's latest release and put all its jars in the classpath:

  CLASSPATH=(string join ':' (find . | grep jar | grep lwjgl)) java  -XstartOnFirstThread -Xmx4G -jar setris-desktop-1.0-SNAPSHOT-jar-with-dependencies.jar

(fish instead of bash; the "string join" part takes all the jar paths and joins them on a single line with colon separators)

Same output and behavior, though.

Also tried with an older JDK (version 17), but that fails to even open a window.