You should try it again, should you get the chance. I drink coffee on a terrace almost daily at my local place in shibuya. You can also nomikai outside at a ton of places. The version of outdoor seating is not the same as Europe but if your marker is enjoy your meal outside, you most definitely can.

As for cycling, I can’t speak to it as much, but it seems like the cycling culture is much more casual. Tons of parents cycling their preschool children, people biking on sidewalks, etc.

That said, my best mate is an avid cyclist and worked bike shops most his life. He exclusively cycles here and always points out the sheer number of hobby (expensive? custom?) bikes casually posted outside shops.

I ride in Tokyo and surrounding areas often. There are bike lanes scattered around, though some places have far more than others. In general though, there is a lot of patience on the part of drivers here in the city (at least relative to Australia) that makes riding a bike on roads without a bike lane generally a fairly safe option.

Also, there are plenty of terraces to have a nice coffee on. The difficult thing in Tokyo is you need to search in advance for what you want. It's so crammed full of options, that you might never realize all the interesting things you're walking past. It's a very three-dimensional city, there's stuff hidden everywhere.