It depends where. By 2002 you could get a nice KDE3 distro with KDEvelop and do magic.
If not, you could use PHP, Perl, Apache. LAMP stacks were everywhere. Debian was the right choice, even from a GNU/FSF way.
The end of the 90's with Mozilla being open changed the things a lot.
Also, even in 2004 you could browse Slashdot with FreeBSD and Lynx under a 486 perfectly fine.
The web during this time was marked by many commercial languages and app servers. (like ColdFusion, server products by Netscape and Sun, etc). A decent IDE was typically several hundred dollars. Corporate interests were trying to control the protocols and standards (Flash, ActiveX, Applets, etc). Even browsers were initially paid commercial products.