Now, on my old PC, the compiler is super slow so I end up prototyping tricky stuff (like maths) in python and then I port it to rust when I feel it's ready.

(my stuff is emulator: no DB, not much GUI but lots of performance, threading, etc.)

But jokes aside, Java’s type system can’t express HKTs, but up to that point it really is surprisingly strong — there is vavr, but I have also personally followed my former “define Haskell basic data types yourself in Haskell” class quite far in it, including Lists, Eq trait, Maybe type, etc.

I get a question over and over from front end devs when I teach or mentor about being a "real" computer scientist and picking up c, Cpp, or rust, which is silly. Who do you think invented the dynamically typed languages, English majors?

Yeah. The bill was paid when the language devs bothered to write a compiler, so that your runtime bugs become compiletime bugs and so you can understand what's happening when your program is bigger than a tiny script.