Most countries already practice population control through economic incentives. Tax credits, free child care, and other initiatives can increase population growth. Educating and employing female citizens, giving out contraceptives, and other initiatives can decrease population growth.

There's no need for sterilization measures at the moment (even though they have also been practiced for generations). And I would urge you to keep in mind what the actual outcomes of aggressive population control would actually be. (I'll give you a hint: it's ethnic cleansing and targeting the most vulnerable peoples.)