10 hip-hop artists is just an example here to demonstrate the general principle. You can do much more complicated stuff with nested loops, conditionals, recursion, etc that are very verbose or difficult to express unambiguously in English.

I believe that, absolutely. I just can't see any examples that exercise this outside of toy examples. (And I have severe doubt LLMs will reliably evaluate those complex examples by themselves. You're better off adding memory and agentic behavior via a formal language wrapper)

Consistency is apparently one current challenge.[1]

[1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=35416637