I believe the reason he has a right to publish this work is because he is not profiting from their likeness. He is profiting from his work of criticism. (Edit: a sibling comment points out that Ohio exempts audiovisual and political works)
Also, as a public servant in official duty, in a place where they found themselves likely to be recorded, they had no reasonable expectation of privacy.
I disagree, mostly because it isn't hard to get fringe cases. Drunk folks, folks with memory issues, and so on. Even if they break in, I don't think this is the sort of thing they should face public ridicule for.
I think the homeowner has the right because the folks breaking in are cops. If a cop cannot handle these facets of their job being public, they should act better. A cop in uniform is a public figure, even if they are in a private residence. An ununiformed cop is a public figure if they are doing cop stuff, especially if they are in your house.
They should be acting like someone is always watching. They should be able to handle being told bad words from people. They should be expected to always act professional. That is part of the standard we set for call center employees, after all, and we should expect folks that can ruin other people's lives to live up to better standards.
> Ohio Rev. Code Ann. § 2741.09 (A)(1): Right Of Publicity In Individual's Persona: Exceptions.
> (A) This chapter does not apply to any of the following:
> (1)(a) A literary work, dramatic work, fictional work, historical work, audiovisual work, or musical work regardless of the media in which the work appears or is transmitted, other than an advertisement or commercial announcement not exempt under division (A)(1)(d) of this section;
> (b) Material that has political or newsworthy value;
> ...
Source: https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-2741.09
Although, that might not cover the T-shirts…
These count as 'news', right?
https://www.wlwt.com/article/afroman-adams-county-home-raid/...
https://www.cincinnati.com/story/news/2022/08/23/afroman-hou...
https://reason.com/2022/12/05/cops-return-cash-seized-from-a...
https://hightimes.com/news/afromans-ohio-residence-raided-by...
https://www.tmz.com/2022/08/22/afroman-home-raided-police-oh...
https://www.tmz.com/2022/11/30/afroman-cops-stole-missing-mo...
https://finance.yahoo.com/news/afroman-calls-police-raid-hom...
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-11135971/Afrom...
...all this prior to releasing the song (the "commercial use"). This list is by no means exhaustive.
I think Afroman has a strong case for dismissal.
It looks mostly like a claim about using their likeness commercially —- their personality rights. i.e. the rights someone would sign over in a modeling contract.
…Like how you can’t put Tom Hanks face on a box of cigarettes and sell it without permission. He may sue and claim that you’ve tarnished his image.
But yeah, it’s a stretch here too given the circumstances, but these laws vary by state so I have no clue how this state handles it.