* get a CS degree from a top tier program, preferably a PHD
* Pivot in from a normal software job. This is probably only possible if you have a bunch of C++ experience, and some top (FAANG) names on your resume.
I don’t think it’s possible for me to go down a PHD path.
HFT seems like a cool gig if you can get it
I didn't go into the domain because I'm not a big fan of money games. YMMV.
While each company has some unique qualities, my guess is that being an engineer in any of these places would be pretty similar and include:
* A lot of engineers and teams
* Lots of organizational / promo based manuevering and social engineering
* Problems at scale - some technology, but mainly "number of cooks in the kitchen"
* Work which might not be very interesting
* high compensation
My guess is that the OP's concerns would hold true at most of these big tech places that pay top dollar.