Android itself doesn't do that, but much like buying a PC, it's hard to stop manufacturers loading it up with cruft.
The gap was never that big, it was more the software that was running than any hardware issues.
No, it really was. I wasn't hallucinating stock Android tablets dying over long weekends while iOS tablets would still be usable for testing without needing to plug in, after three weeks in a drawer. Or the phones needing a daily charge if you barely used them, while Apple phones could go 3-4 days under light use. There were no exceptions to this in Android land.
[EDIT] Incidentally, yes, I agree it was largely a software issue—but at the OS level.
Disable all the software crap and there was no real difference. You think it was more internal to the OS, and maybe part of it was, but even with just ending all the crap that fixed things.
We agree there were no significant differences in hardware though, and that was my point.