How would we do that?
Banning research is just not feasible.
Now, If you wanted to resist that and give humanity a few more hundred years, you would clog the bottlenecks on AI progress, which are research talent, data and compute.
If you marched the police into NeurIPS and the military into the datacenters, and you coordinated with other large countries to do the same, and you strongarmed those countries that resisted to do the same, you could get pretty darn far. We humans have managed to greatly slow down the rollout of nuclear technology. We may be able to do the same with AI, if someone figures out which political movement will get into power next, and tells them to read the enlightened writings of Elizier Yudkowsky.
I would also like an “Extinction Rebellion” or “Just Stop Oil” style movement against the artificial intelligence industry, as I appreciate their rebellious and leftist aesthetics.
We are getting to the limits of how fast hardware can be and we are rapidly processing thru available cheap data. At some point it's going to get very expensive to gather data and increase hardware speed.
We'll a see a few years of excitement,(5yrs?,10yrs?) but it will stop until the next big breakthrough. Hopefully there will be one but nothing is guaranteed. That's the AI winter I'm talking about.
AI will have an impact but it won't be the singularity type that some people dream about. Think of the automation of work that happened during the industrial revolution. Now, think of it for white collar work. There are a lot of white collar work that the current AI can automate but it won't be everything and it won't take over to rule over us.
I think your expectations are in line with my hopes: That our state of the art "AI" performance is very close to local minima that we won't escape from for quite a while.
I really don't want lose my overpaid job gluing together overengineered shite into CRUD applications.