Your math doesn't line up at all with the numbers you linked for the 13" Pro, and I've not mentioned anything about 200% (or 2x which by the way is different), so let's look at the real numbers. A 50%+ perf bump after a decade that averaged 13% a year doesn't seem very smooth to me. 13% actually overstates the situation, progress slowed towards 2020 and the mid-2020 i7 update vs mid-2019 i7 only gained 7%. It seems pretty fair to call the M1 jump "big."

As for the second, that's not a contradiction. ARM ISA has very little to do with Apple's in-house processor performance. If they had stuck with PowerPC they could have achieved roughly the same thing (on a technical basis, licensing is a whole separate issue and likely the biggest driver of the switch to ARM).