But yes, in general I'm always for people becoming familiar with tools and DIY.
[EDIT] Actually, my parents' very-new house has that... but because it's all-PEX, so it's super-easy to install it that way, with a central panel full of shut-offs for various parts.
FWIW a SharkBite valve or NPT adapter would seem to be a handier thing to have around than a pure cap. For one, you can attach a valve without shutting the water off.
Also I don't know what you mean about sewage contamination? Sewage contamination of potable water lines would indicate a hugely weird problem.
AFAIK backflow preventers (fancy check valves), which prevent water in the house from going back into the municipal distribution, are standard on new installs. But I think that requirement is recent as of the past few decades, so most houses aren't going to have them.
Yes, I agree isolation valves are good. But as far as what code requires? It seems that if isolation valves aren't required on branches, then the only isolation valve that is required is the main house valve that can isolate it from the street water main.
So I can't figure out what else you think would have been required to pass inspection in the comment you originally responded to.
Haha...should is doing a lot of work here. Shut off valves like you mention are great, but even newer houses often don't have them.