That's not correct:
$ podman run -it -e RUBYOPT="--yjit" ruby:3.2
irb(main):001:0> puts RUBY_DESCRIPTION
ruby 3.2.0 (2022-12-25 revision a528908271) +YJIT [aarch64-linux]
=> nilIt was supported immediately for Alpine based images because rustc 1.60+ was available in that distro.
Initially when 3.2 was released Debian based images didn't support it because Bullseye ships with a version of rustc that's too old to compile YJIT.
But https://github.com/docker-library/ruby/commit/6db728e addressed this a few days ago by installing a pre-compiled version of rustc straight from Rust and YJIT is available in Debian now.
You can confirm if it's available to use by running:
$ docker container run --rm ruby:3.2.0-slim-bullseye ruby --enable-yjit -v
ruby 3.2.0 (2022-12-25 revision a528908271) +YJIT [x86_64-linux]
If it weren't available then you would get an unknown argument error.
GitHub issue link here: https://github.com/docker-library/ruby/pull/398