https://www.irs.gov/faqs/interest-dividends-other-types-of-i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gift_tax_in_the_United_States
> Second, gifts in excess of the annual exclusion may still be tax-free up to the lifetime estate basic exclusion amount ($11.58 million for 2020).[9] For estates over that amount, however, such gifts might result in an increase in estate taxes. Taxpayers that expect to have a taxable estate may sometimes prefer to pay gift taxes as they occur, rather than saving them up as part of the estate.
The per year limit for 2023 is 17,000. A 11M lifetime limit would mean 647 years of giving.
I think the 11M figure is just totally way off. Not sure where they are getting that from.
Scroll down to ”Basic Exclusion Amount for Year of Death”
The gift giver pays the tax, but only after they give someone more than the lifetime amount.
But given we're talking about loans and gifts while a person is living, I think the correct tax to invoke is the gift tax that has a limit of $17,000 per year.
https://www.irs.gov/businesses/small-businesses-self-employe...
Neither taxpayer A nor taxpayer B have a federal tax liability for gifting more than the annual exclusion amount.
So I do not see how the gift tax, which would implicitly involve a tax liability for the gift, has a limit of $17k.
Am I incorrect?
If A is alive when that happens then that is wrong. B will be taxed on the amount of $1M - 17k because the gift tax applies not the estate tax.
If A were dead and gifted B in their will, then you would be correct because the estate tax applies in this scenario.
Again, since we're taking about loans and gifts while a person is alive in this thread, the first scenario of the gift tax applies.
https://www.irs.gov/businesses/small-businesses-self-employe...
>Who pays the gift tax?
> The donor is generally responsible for paying the gift tax. Under special arrangements the donee may agree to pay the tax instead. Please visit with your tax professional if you are considering this type of arrangement.