Why wouldn’t you be able to? Pihole is just dnsmasq with a frontend.

The biggest curse of the Raspberry Pi is a whole heap of stuff that has gone from “needs a UNIX server” to “but surely that requires an underpowered UNIX server with a very specific distribution of Linux”.

Pi-hole runs just fine in Docker [1]. You don't need a Pi to run it.

[1]. https://github.com/pi-hole/docker-pi-hole/

You should not open its port to the internet at large (look up: open resolvers) but yes you can run it anywhere and access over VPN, etc.

You could also use https://nextdns.io. It’s basically pi-hole in the cloud.

I pay $20/yr for their service it’s so good, and I can turn on/off quickly per-device when I need normal dns to work, instead of having to ssh and tweak pi-hole or whatever across the whole network