That said, the article didn't make me much wiser on what's the point. I could sort of see it if it came with guarantees in the type system, I guess.
Imho, it's the same deal as with monads: Outside of pure functional languages with a strong type system there is not much appeal. But for e.g. a Haskell programmer its like the next coming of christ...
But I think it could be very useful if combined with the equivalent of javas checked exceptions, even in other languages.
Something like "fun readFile(Name: Path):String performs FS.open, FS.read, FS.close throws FileNotFound, FileRead, ..."
A bit excessive, but potentially very useful for all kinds of error checking.
Are you sure about that?
Assembly lets you jump anywhere, not bound by any scope, because it doesn't have scopes in any real sense.
C and Pascal, if I recall correctly, only let you goto somewhere else in the same function.
Don't know about other languages...
Goto tags and blocks/return-from have lexical scope and dynamic extent. Lexical scope means that one can goto to enclosing goto tags and one can return from enclosing blocks. "dynamic extent" means that corresponding scoping constructs tagbody and block not have been exited yet.
CATCH/THROW has dynamic scope and dynamic extent. Means that the CATCH targets will be looked up on the stack.
Then Common Lisp has UNWIND-PROTECT, which sets up a dynamic scope. When leaving this scope by a non-local control transfer, it is ensured that some specified code will be executed.
These are then building blocks for higher-level control, like the Condition System, which provides condition types, handlers, restarts, ... which is used then for error handling, where on error the stack is left like it is.
> Assembly lets you jump anywhere
it's just that jumping to some arbitrary place might not make sense.
It really depends on the language and what kind of goto you mean.
But in the context of the post I replied to, yes, because you cannot replace algebraic effects with "neutered" gotos (like the ones in c), you need the equivalent of longjmp, or maybe gosub.
You can obviously design a language where goto does implicitely run finalizers or does similar fancy stuff, but this is again leaving the scope of the original discussion I think...
Algebraic effects are less general and play nicer with scoped constructs like finalizers and exceptions. The downside is that they work via stack unwindindig, so they incur some performace penalties.
I highly recommend reading the original article - "Algebraic Effects for the Rest of Us". It demonstrates their operation via Javascript by renaming try/catch, and I think it will answer your questions nicely.