I’m not sure going down this road is meaningful because as soon as we get to machine code generators you get a “reset” on safety, no matter the language you implement a compiler in, it can have logic bugs which will result in many sort of serious bugs, including memory ones. This is true of both the rust compiler and Java’s JIT compiler.

Interpreters and the rest of the VM is a different beast, while they also have to be bootstrapped from some unsafe language one way or another, they are usually written in a much more expert, security- and correctness oriented way than your average program. So while they can and do have bugs, they are exceptionally well tested and, well, I wouldn’t expect the JVM to die out under my program the same way you don’t really expect the kernel to freeze either. This is also true of Rust stdlibs, I assume, but is it true of third party libs?