Can you reliably break Linux on Laptop A with Docking Station B? Then go here: https://bugzilla.kernel.org (and follow the big yellow notice)

There's a good chance it's a firmware or hardware bug Linux cannot fix, but it's worth a shot.

But to answer your question, Laptop A and Docking Station B probably interface with each other with the same two chips/subsystems present in other devices. And if they work with Linux, the maintainers of these drivers, often the manufacturers, are publicly listed and are the ones that will try and troubleshoot it with you.

Sometimes it’s just obvious like a bad assumption.