Plenty hardware companies are chock full of unit tests, hardware simulators in-the-loop at multiple levels of abstraction etc etc. I worked at Canon (back then Océ, ie huge pro printers) a long time ago and they had this shit all over. I’ve also seen a litho startup run load tests on the day the hardware was first in one piece, ie the software worked acceptably from day one (incl all the error recovery, edge cases etc etc) because all the hardware had been simulated in software in parallel with it being designed and built.

ASML is not one of these companies.