For more general desk junk buildup I have to neaten it up every week or two or it too will become a distraction.
I can't just walk off without mentioning the importance of a tactical housecat capable of pre-cleaning the dishes so as to not attract vermin- the plus side being if said housecat is a subpar dishwasher, they're all too willing to take care of any enterprising houseflies bound for a meal.
Both extremes are not very productive. But a person doing actual work might have more than just a completely empty desk. What about a cup of coffee, or a notepad, or a small whiteboard, or a reference manual? Because if everything you might need is on your pc and you don't leverage your immediate three dimensional reality, you're not at peak productivity. A manual on the desk is "better" than a PDF on a second workspace.
Though one things missing from all the fluff about how things look is how things feel. Having a foot rest, or something I can put my feed against is super important to getting things done and not having my body feel like crap at the end of the day.
maintenance > cleanup.
I prefer cleaning things up(both digital and physical) at the end of the day, to relieve my mind that I'm "done" with work and move on to other things. I found it's horrible to wake up, sitting at your desk and the first thing you see is all your piles of crap that your postpone the night before.