You give everyone in America $10k dollars. At the end of the year you take that money back from 3/4 of them in taxes. But for 11/12 months, all that money is in grocery stores driving up prices.
You could be in a situation where you increase the baseline cost of living $10k in America (very regressively) and increase the tax burden.
That just clearly isn't how it would work.
If I'm at the break-even point on taxes then the government will be sending me $833/mo checks to my bank account while my work will be withholding $833/mo extra from my paycheck. That has no real effect on my spending habits and won't drive any inflation.
Even if it was an annual lump sum with no additional withholding, where does the money to pay the taxes at the end of the year come from? You'd take next years UBI to pay off last years taxes and from then on it is net zero extra spending.