RICO laws in the United States work that way.

> Under RICO, a person who has committed "at least two acts of racketeering activity" drawn from a list of 35 crimes (27 federal crimes and eight state crimes) within a 10-year period can be charged with racketeering if such acts are related in one of four specified ways to an "enterprise." Those found guilty of racketeering can be fined up to $25,000 and sentenced to 20 years in prison per racketeering count. In addition, the racketeer must forfeit all ill-gotten gains and interest in any business gained through a pattern of "racketeering activity."

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racketeer_Influenced_and_Corru...

The Wikipedia article also lists a few famous cases.

In some places in the US, if you commit a felony 3 times, you go to jail for life. Usually it has to be a violent felony, but every state is different.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-strikes_law