That's the point, they didn't. You won't get your iPhone without globalized trade.

There was very far-reaching trade since the beginning of time. It just had to be carried by people and animals, and accordingly you only find small precious things traded far around the continents.

I just read 'The dawn of everything' and it seems that knowledge about the past has been evolving quite a bit in the past few decades. Societies still cling to the old myths of progress and premeditated development from hunter-gatherers in small bands over cities to kingdoms to states, but this a) not based on facts and never was at all (the ones putting out these ideas basically invented them over coffee) and b) not what happened.

The way the common narrative is accepted now can really hold us back.

I've been meaning to read that. How does it compare to Capital?

I've been meaning to read that - so no information yet, sorry.