Google scans files on their devices, using their resources (storage, compute power).
It is you who decided to upload files to Google's cloud.
However, it is difficult to use your own device if you don't have privacy there.
The whole point of the Apple system was to enable end to end encryption so Apple couldn’t view your data on their servers. The only way they could get access is when a threshold of CSAM likely files were met. e.g the keys are sharded.
With the Apple approach you have considerably more privacy.
Modern SoCs have security domains that are invisible to the main CPUs. Apple can run just about anything it wants on the security coprocessor and users will be none the wiser.
The American DOJ, FBI etc do not want end-to-end encryption and use ‘think of the children’ as an excuse. This gives Apple the plausible pushback to say ‘We have thought of the children…’
Google scans your content for potential CSAM based on AI.
One can imagine the false positive rate for the Google approach is likely higher.