Volunteer projects are certainly part of the market and are subject to market forces.

> tax-funded government-managed research

Um, read up on the history of the 1903 Wright Flyer. It was not government managed research. The government project, Langley's airplane, fell into the Potomac like a sack of wet cement (and cost 20 times as much).

Computer networks grew out of telegraphy networks, which were privately funded.

Semiconductors came from Bell Labs, a private company.