The deficit grew to twice what it was after 2008, the scale of spending is quite a bit different than the recent past (trillion dollar bills are the new $100 billion in the US). The same spending pattern has happened across western countries around the world who are facing similar inflation (and supply side) issues, so the pressure has been global.

https://datalab.usaspending.gov/americas-finance-guide/defic...

Everything plays a role even if it may not be the primary one.