One summary of some of the basic technologies can be found in: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-015-8263-6_... and cited references therein. A more recent variation on this theme can be found at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie020198r

Disclaimer (does it really need one?): On the first link above: I shared responsibility for the menial editing, checking and manual indexing of the entire book volume.