Scientific r and d falls strongly into the former category.
DEA, FBI, NSA, CIA, TSA, ATF, DoD, state police, county police, municipal police, neighborhood police, and other organizations used to control people. Plus the literally uncountable number of criminal and regulatory laws on the books that keep growing exponentially without congress taking time to go back and review old laws...
Also in my own self interest: I am for our government massively supporting poor kids with meals at schools, special tutoring, etc. in order for us to have a larger and better educated work force in the future.
Anyway sorry for the rant.
My wife is fundamentally a socialist (we are in Canada so it's not a misunderstood bad scary word :-). But she is also a home depot manager, where she is the voice of capitalist market forces. What she wishes the system should be, and the system she is daily a part of, are frequently at odds.
I personally find extremes of any given philosophy to be impractical and untenable. I respect more people who, like it appears yourself, say "this is my general leaning,and these are my pragmatical exceptions".
I am not a hardware expert, but given that the Open RISC projects seem very worthy of support, both in design efforts and multiple inside the US fab facilities.
TSMC’s new 5nm factory just opened 60 miles south of where I live in Arizona is also the kind of progress I want to see. I am a fan of globalization but we need to balance that with good “Plan B’s” for building what we really need inside the US.