> GeoPackage is supported in SpatiaLite as of version 4.2.0.

https://www.geopackage.org/implementations.html

https://www.gaia-gis.it/fossil/libspatialite/wiki?name=4.2.0...

Is there anything like this for time-series sensor data (temperature, humidity, etc)?

Geopandas adds gis operations to pandas, which is good with time series, if that helps. Can read and write several common formats.

There is the OGC SensorThings API spec for accessing sensor data. For storage I would assume something like GeoPackage or SpatiaLite would be sufficient.

Does this do spatial queries? It doesn’t seem so.

Yes, it does.

See the extensive list of spatial query operators here: http://www.gaia-gis.it/gaia-sins/spatialite-sql-4.2.0.html

No, it doesn't. It is designed as lightweight format for data storage and exchange. Usually it is used in the context of other GIS applications like QGIS. However, you can also use SpatiaLite to apply spatial functions to GeoPackage files.

I feel you should retract this comment so as to not mislead people. See extensive spatialite documentation on spatial operators here: http://www.gaia-gis.it/gaia-sins/spatialite-sql-4.2.0.html

But GeoPackage, which the question referred to, does not support spatial functions in and of itself. But I also wrote that you can use e.g. SpatiaLite to apply spatial functions to geometries stored in GeoPackage. But then this is not really different from using any other application like QGIS or gdal.