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A comment on Modern HDDs have gotten somewhat better. Parent comment

Re:Modern HDDs have gotten somewhat better by ThePowerOfFuet on Thursday June 23, 2022 @07:21AM (#31847531)
Logical Block Addresses were simple back when all blocks were 512 bytes. Now we have 520 (T10-PI), 4096, etc, so your math falls apart.
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Re:Modern HDDs have gotten somewhat better by qilo on Thursday June 23, 2022 @08:08AM (#31847900)
For disks with sectors of 4096 bytes, the formula is the same except the constants are accordingly 8 times smaller.

Regarding sectors of 520 bytes, usable bytes are still 512. Quote from the above referenced document:

> HDDs formatted with T10 PI (Protection Information) have 8 bytes added to the end of each sector. However, the user usable sector size will remain at 512 bytes or 4096 bytes. The 8 bytes of PI will increase the overhead of the disk sector density similar to overhead of ECC bytes in a given sector.

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