Fascinating. I'm admittedly very new to container-land, but my understanding was precisely the opposite - that Docker invented this concept and practice of building a runtime environment that can then be replicated and deployed to many hosts. Do you have any search terms or articles I should pursue to learn more about the predecessors?

I've read through this[0], but it mostly suggests that approaches prior to Docker provided isolation/jailing, which is an important part of containerization but neglects a lot of tooling around building, deploying, etc.

[0] https://blog.aquasec.com/a-brief-history-of-containers-from-...

EDIT: various other comments ("The Docker UX is what made the difference, not the underlying tech. Building containers in an easy incremental and reproducible way that could then be stored in a repo and pulled over HTTP was the evolution in packaging that was needed.", "I think the feature that won the hearts of devs was the incremental builds that let people fail quickly in a forgiving way", "Containers were painful as hell to set up and use; it was like using Git, but worse. Docker made it convenient, simple, and useful. By now everybody understands that immutable artifacts and simple configuration formats are extremely effective") seem to support this perception.

EDIT2: Thanks to all those that replied!